The Effect of Mussel Shell Additions on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Compressed Earth Blocks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since their appearance in the 1950s, compressed earth blocks, a modern form of adobe brick have increasingly been studied for their many advantages compared to earlier forms of earthen materials.Their mechanical and thermal improvement is one of the main interests of many researchers.This study investigates the mechanical and thermal behavior of compressed earth blocks (CEB) loaded with crushed mussel shells (CMS) and stabilized with Portland cement.Two series of mixtures were prepared for CEB manufacturing using various CMS contents (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%), then compacted with a static load.Series 1 CEB without cement; Series 2 CEB with cement.Using X-ray diffraction, the mineralogical composition of soil and CMS was established.A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of the mussel shell's morphology was performed too.The compressive and tensile strengths for both series were assessed after two different curing times (14, 28 days).The thermal conductivity of manufactured blocks was evaluated using the hot-disk method.The findings revealed that the increase in CMS content (from 0% to 15%) led to a reduction of the compressive strength by 35% for non-stabilized CEB and by 53% for stabilized CEB.However, the obtained compressive strengths remain above the minimum required compressive strength ( > 1 ).In contrast, the thermal performances of both series were significantly enhanced.When increasing the CMS content (from 0% to 15%), the thermal conductivity decreases by 13% for non-stabilized CEB and decreases by 17% for stabilized blocks.The findings presented in this paper suggest that mussel shell aggregates are a feasible option to improve thermal behavior of compressed earth blocks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".