Development of a selective nanoporous Na-zeolite X from Moroccan coal fly ash for anionic dye adsorption and removal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The hydrothermal treatment of Moroccan coal fly ash (CFA) in a basic medium leads to the selective formation of Na-X zeolite. By fusion with sodium hydroxide in the presence of CFA, the particles are transformed into sodium silicate and sodium aluminate, from which hydrothermal reaction favourably results in the production of a pure Na-X zeolite. A good crystallinity of Na-X zeolite was attained at NaOH:fly ash ratio of 1.2. Their high surface area and pore characteristics make the Na-X zeolite useful for the removal of the model anionic dye RY145 from water. The adsorption efficiency of the synthesised Na-X zeolite was evaluated and compared to raw CFA. Dye adsorption is more significant at acid pH, suggesting that the zeolite surface is positively charged. Kinetic and isotherm models applied to fit the experimental data reveal that the adsorption process is physisorption. It results that zeolite X is an efficient adsorbent for the extraction of dyes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".