Development of Relative Rigidity Measure for Shallow Foundations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of the structureto-soil relative rigidity on the structural behaviour of shallow foundation.The effect of change in the material and geometrical properties on the critical soil pressure intensity, bending moment and shear force of spread footings and rafts is investigated numerically using the finite element method.The parameters that are addressed in the analysis include the foundation thickness, soil modulus of subgrade reaction, concrete modulus of elasticity and plan geometry of the foundation.The foundation is modelled by thick shell elements while the soil by Winkler elastic springs.Findings of the study showed that the most important variables that affect the structural response of shallow foundations are the thickness and plan dimensions of the foundation, and to a lesser extent the soil modulus of subgrade reaction and concrete modulus of elasticity.A relative foundation-to-soil rigidity measure that can quantitatively predict the degree of stiffness of a shallow foundation was developed.The rigidity measure can help engineers in forecasting whether the traditional rigid foundation approach can be safely used to analyse a given spread footing or raft.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".