Editorial: Case reports in neuroimaging and stimulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Editorial on the Research Topic Case reports in neuroimaging and stimulationThe brain, a remarkable and intricate system, plays a fundamental role in shaping our behavior, encompassing cognitive and emotional processes (1-3).Understanding its structural and functional organization has been greatly enhanced through the utilization of neuroimaging and brain stimulation techniques.These powerful tools not only provide insights into the complex workings of the brain but also hold promise as potential therapeutic interventions for mental disorders (4).By leveraging these techniques, researchers gain valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of mental disorders and their potential treatments.The combination of neuroimaging and brain stimulation holds great promise for accelerating the development of symptomatic therapies and introducing novel treatments to patients.To delve deeper into the mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders, researchers utilize various neuroimaging techniques, such as structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (s/fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), all of which offer detailed visualizations and measurements of brain structure, function, and chemistry (5).These tools are essential in several areas: identifying targets for intervention, guiding neurosurgical planning, determining optimal stimulator placement, and confirming post-operative procedure effectiveness.Neuroimaging also assists with pre-treatment screening to identify potential responders and post-treatment evaluation to assess changes in brain circuitry associated with clinical outcomes.Researchers have used multimodal neuroimaging tools to find new neurobiological mechanisms behind neuropathogenesis, stimulation effects, brain responses, and the effectiveness of therapies.More attention has been paid to altered brain regions like the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which is involved in executive functions, emotional regulation, and making decisions.Several neuropsychiatric disorders (6-8) have been linked to this brain region.Neuroimaging studies have revealed structural and functional alterations in the PFC in conditions such as depression, schizophrenia, and addiction (9-11).Understanding these alterations and their relationship to disease mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted interventions (12)(13)(14).Frontiers in Psychiatry frontiersin.org
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.019 | 0.016 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".