Quantification of Doppler Indices, Contrast Ultrasound Enhancement Phases and Perfusion Parameters of Hepatic Parenchyma in Healthy Dogs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The Liver is a well vascularized organ. Any pathology can impede its blood flow and this makes liver the most suitable organ for studying the Doppler indices and contrast enhanced perfusion parameters. Methods: This clinical study enrolled 9 healthy dogs including 2 breeds each of beagle, German shepherd, Labrador Retriever, and one breed each of Crossbred, Pug and Pit bull. Spectral Doppler sonography and contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of liver vasculature using a second generation contrast agent (Sonovue) was performed to standardize their normal pulsed-wave Doppler indices and contrast enhanced perfusion parameters. Result: The mean ± SE values of Doppler indices of portal vein were PSV (27.68 ± 2.08 cm/s), EDV (15.32 ± 1.74 cm/s), MV (14.05 ± 1.94 cm/s), RI (0.44 ± 0.05) and PI (0.93 ± 0.11). Mean ± SE value of Doppler indices of hepatic artery were 53.78 ± 3.45 cm/s (PSV), 13.90 ± 1.82 cm/s (EDV), 21.63 ± 1.21 cm/s (MV), 0.73 ± 0.04 (RI), 1.93 ± 0.28 (PI) and for hepatic vein were 38.62 ± 4.62 cm/s (PSV), 11.92 ± 2.79 cm/s (EDV), 17.72 ± 2.95 cm/s (MV), 0.69 ± 0.06 (RI), 1.69 ± 0.23 (PI). CEUS of hepatic parenchyma showed three phases viz arterial, portal and late portal phase. Mean ± SE values of contrast enhanced hepatic perfusion parameters (in seconds) were 7.22 ±0.40 (Arrival time), 16.33 ±1.38 (Time to initial peak), 30.22 ±1.29 (Time to final peak), 54.55 ±2.93 (Decline time) and 160.78±8.60 (Washout time).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".