Gender Not Fit for Prisons: On The Incompatibility of Gender as a Means to Segregate Prisoners
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Prisons worldwide, including in Australia, are segregated based on biological sex.On the other hand, feminist scholarship challenges gender within the binary of man and woman, arguing instead that individuals undergo the process of "becoming" and are not merely born.In this space, tensions exist for transgender individuals interacting with prisons.Although many policy initiatives are being established by correctional authorities world-wide, these innovations are often criticized for failing to translate into reality.It is argued here that prisons must reimagine the way they categorize individuals based on binary conceptions of gender.Instead, they must view gender through the optics of transgenderism, where it is conceived as something fl uid, changing, and mutable.82 Journal of Prisoners on Prisons, Volume 32(2), 2023 Moreover, this paper centralizes the work of Singer (2013) in interrogating the incongruity of transgenderism within binary schemas, particularly within broader social institutions. INCONGRUITY OF TRANSGENDERISM"Classifi catory schemas that ascribed gender attribution, enforce gender socialization, and assign sex at birth is usually dimorphic: male/female" (Singer, 2013, p. 2).As a result, these schemas make bodies socially useful, culturally legible, and productive under diff erent regimes of power (Singer, 2013).The inability for transgenderism to be articulated within these understandings, and the incongruity between bodies, identities, assigned gender, and gender expression (Singer, 2013), explicates the institutional betrayal of social life, government, and its processes in actively marginalizing transgender people through discriminative, exclusive, and phobic social structures.Of these, prison is a salient example, causing deleterious eff ects for transgender people (Maycock, 2020).Incorporating academic understandings gained through transgender studies into interrogative discussions of structural transphobia, including the experiences of transgender people as violators of sex and gender norms (Singer, 2013), is key to enriching public policy initiatives geared towards mitigating the eff ects of how gender is socially constructed.Moreover, it can inform policy initiatives to see transgenderism as a progressive and enriching tool forwarding the feminist project.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".