EFFECT OF NICOTINE DEPENDENCE ON COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN PATIENTS OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE-A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Cognitive decline includes a wide spectrum of changes in cognitive function due to age-related and pathological decline. Many unhealthy behaviors like substance use accelerate cognitive decline. Long term alcohol is associated with cognitive impairment but effect of comorbid nicotine dependence has not yet been studied over in our region. The Objectives: study was planned to examine the concurrent effect of use of nicotine on cognitive impairment in patients of alcohol dependence syndrome. Methods: 30 patients each of Alcohol dependence without concurrent Nicotine Dependence (group A) and Alcohol dependence with concurrent Nicotine Dependence (group B) were enrolled in this study. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Test was used for assessment of cognitive functions. Among the various domain of MoCA, attention and orientation was found to be bet Results: ter in Group B patients, i.e patients with concurrent alcohol and nicotine dependence syndrome. All other domains were more impaired in Group B as compared to Group A patients. Overall, patients with alcohol dependence with nicotine dependence had a lower MoCA score i.e. 23.4±2.2 and 22.4±1.8 in group A and B respectively (p-value-0.82) suggesting greater cognitive decline in patients of Group B. T Conclusion: he present study suggests that the decline in cognitive performance is more in patients with concurrent use of alcohol and nicotine as compared to patients of alcohol dependence alone. However, attention and orientation were found to be better in patients with concurrent use of alcohol and nicotine.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".