Revisiting Economic Growth and Trade Openness: An Empirical Analysis of Major Trading Nations
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper considers 15 major trading nations from 1996-2018 to assess the relationship between economic growth and trade. This relationship has been governed by the nature of exports as well as the stage of development of a nation. In the present paper key macro-economic variables as identified from literature, including scale of foreign direct investment, domestic investment, exchange rates and labour productivity. The study provides unique insights as it indicates a positive relationship of all variables vis a vis economic growth of the countries except foreign direct investment. Granger causality test however indicates growth causes exports, FDI, and trade. Furthermore, there exists a bi-directional causality between labour productivity and growth as well as imports and growth. Therefore, the findings of this paper provide a reference for future economic planning and policy formulation of the selected countries.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it