A novel analytical performance investigation of varying water depth in an active multi-stage basin solar still in addition to optimization of water depth in a single stage basin still
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present research, active solar basin stills are studied and the effect of water depth on output productivity is evaluated analytically. In order to validate the reliability of the results of the proposed model, they have been compared with the available Karimi’s experimental data with an acceptable accuracy. Then, the temperature distribution of the basin, covers, the water in the basin and heat transfer coefficients between the water as well as covers in all stages are calculated. Then, the amount of fresh water as an output are derived for one and multistage units. With increasing the number of stages from one to four, the amount of fresh water was increased by 42%, 72% and 94%, respectively. In addition, the amount of yield water for the ratio of three stages to two stages and four stages to three stages was increased 20% and 13%, respectively. Moreover, in this article, a new approach is adapted based on the variation of water depth instead of considering it constant and because of this methodology, there is an optimum value for water depth, which leads to the maximum productivity. Due to the storage of energy in water as a function of water depth, with an increase in the amount of water in the basin of solar stills more than the optimum value, or even decreasing the water depth below the optimum value, one should expect to get the basin without water at the end of day. This may lead to have less fresh water in the output at the end of the day. Finally, a correlation has been provided to calculate the productivity of a single basin still based on the water depth in the basin. • Thermal performance of multi-stage active basin stills is investigated. • Temperature and heat transfer coefficients for different parts of stills are obtained. • Thermodynamics analysis based on varying mass is implemented on a control volume for different parts of basin stills. • Hourly and daily productivity of one to four stages basin stills are derived. • System of ordinary differential equations with varying properties is solved.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it