Estimated health and economic impact of using high-dose influenza vaccine on respiratory and circulatory plus respiratory hospitalizations of older adults in Australia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Standard dose influenza vaccine provides moderate protection from infection, but with lower effectiveness among the elderly. High dose and adjuvanted vaccines (HD-TIV and aTIV) were developed to address this. This study aims to estimate the incremental health and economic impact of using HD-TIV (high dose trivalent vaccine) instead of aTIV (adjuvanted trivalent vaccine) on respiratory and circulatory plus respiratory hospitalizations of older people (≥65 years) in Australia. Methods: This is a modelling study comparing predicted hospitalization outcomes in people receiving HD-TIV or aTIV during an average influenza season in Australia. Hospitalization records of Australian adults ≥65 years of age from 01 April to 30 November during 15 influenza seasons (2002-2017 excluding 2009, which was a pandemic) were extracted from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare [AIHW] and used to calculate hospitalisation rates during an average season. Relative vaccine effectiveness data for aTIV and HD-TIV were used to estimate morbidity burden related to influenza. Results: Between 2002 and 2017, the average respiratory hospitalization rate among older people during influenza season (April-November) was 3,445/100,000 population-seasons, with an average cost of AU$ 7,175 per admission. The average circulatory plus respiratory hospitalization rate among older Australian people during that time was 10,393/100,000 population-seasons, with an average cost of AU$ 7829 per admission. For older Australians, HD-TIV may avert an additional 6,315-9,410 respiratory admissions each year, with an incremental healthcare cost saving of AU$ 15.9-38.2 million per year compared to aTIV. Similar results were also noted for circulatory plus respiratory hospitalizations. Conclusions: From the modelled estimations, HD-TIV was associated with less economic burden and fewer respiratory, and circulatory plus respiratory hospitalizations than aTIV for older Australians.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".