Paediatric Sjögren's Syndrome With Bilateral Parotid Cysts: A Case Report
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of exocrine glands. Clinically, this results in the loss of tear and saliva production. Although xerophthalmia and xerostomia, also known as sicca, is a common presentation among adults, paediatric patients more often present with recurrent parotitis and glandular enlargement. Overall, symptoms can vary, making initial diagnosis challenging. Approximately 80% of patients with Sjögren's syndrome experience parotid gland enlargement, however, salivary cysts are rare. Herein, we present a case of paediatric Sjögren's syndrome where a 12-year-old female presented with a two-month history of bilateral parotid masses. The patient denied any history of xerostomia, xerophthalmia, or constitutional symptoms. Imaging revealed bilateral complex cystic intraparotid masses. A right parotid gland biopsy was performed showing parotid gland parenchyma with dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. Ultimately, the presumptive diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome was made. This case illustrates the importance of a thorough workup to aid in diagnostic certainty. Parotid cysts associated with Sjögren's are rare but should be considered within the differential diagnosis for paediatric patients with parotid swelling/mass.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".