Bulbocavernosus Reflex as an Objective Measure of Improvement Following Directed Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation for Treatment of Urinary Incontinence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Abnormal bulbocavernosus reflex latency and subsequent improvement is an objective measure of improvement after directed pelvic floor physical therapy. The aim of the study was to utilize bulbocavernosus reflex testing as an objective measure of pelvic floor rehabilitation success in the treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) in a large screened population. Methods: This was a retrospective case series of 95 women with UI who were found to have abnormal bulbocavernosus reflex tests (UroVal System), then treated with guided pelvic floor exercise program for 6 - 12 weeks that included electrical stimulation. Charts were reviewed for demographics, prior treatment, baseline and post-treatment bulbocavernosus reflex latencies, pre- and post-treatment anal manometry, number of daily incontinence episodes, pad counts, patient perception of improvement using satisfaction at the conclusion and at 6 - 24 months post-treatment. Pre-to-post mean differences were calculated using paired t -tests with 95% bootstrap confidence based on 10,000 permutations. Results: Significant differences were found in pre- and post-treatment bulbocavernosus reflex latency (85.0 vs. 35.4 ms, P < 0.001), anal manometry (40.2 vs. 56.4 ms, P < 0.001), pad counts (1.0 vs. 0.1 per day, P < 0.001), and incontinence episodes (1.8 vs. < 1.0 per day, P < 0.001). Perceived improvement was 80% (standard deviation (SD) 17.8%) at the conclusion of treatment. At 6 to 24 months post-treatment, satisfaction persisted at 93% (SD 12.5%). Conclusions: The bulbocavernosus reflex is an effective objective screening tool to establish pelvic neuromuscular dysfunction. Abnormal bulbocavernosus reflex latency and subsequent improvement after guided pelvic floor rehabilitation is an objective measure that can be used in conjunction with the patient's subjective improvement. J Clin Gynecol Obstet. 2023;12(2):33-38 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jcgo871
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".