U.S. Food and Drug Administration Must Ban Menthol Cigarettes Without Delay: Lessons From Other Countries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
On April 28, 2022, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced its long-awaited proposed rule to prohibit menthol as a characterizing flavor in cigarettes.1 Finalization of the proposed rule will dramatically improve and protect the health of Americans by preventing tobacco-related disease and death. The public health benefits will be greatest among population groups who suffer health disparities arising from disproportionate use of menthol cigarettes because of targeted marketing, including young people, women, and racial and ethnic minorities, particularly Black Americans.2 An evaluation of the impact of Canada's menthol cigarette ban by Fong et al.3 estimated that a similar ban in the US would lead to quitting among more than 1.3 million people who smoke, of whom 381,000 would be Black Americans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".