Attempted Revival of the Khalistan Movement Abroad: Challenges to Indian Diplomacy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper looks at the Khalistan movement, amidst the recent hunt and arrest of radical preacher Amritpal Singh. It studies how the movement has changed since the campaign for a sovereign Sikh state went global in the 1970s; and what the demand for Khalistan entails today. It studies the role the Sikh diaspora in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and the United States has played; and how recent events, particularly, protests at Indian High Commissions in these countries reflects the ambivalence of India’s ‘allies’ towards the separatists. The paper argues that while the nature of the threat posed by Khalistani separatists is much milder today than it was decades ago, the challenge for the Indian government will be the influence of the Sikh diaspora on foreign politicians and New Delhi’s ability to discredit the movement abroad.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".