Infrared Surface Plasmons Open a Hole Tunneling Channel in Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Structures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plasmonic hot carriers on metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) diodes hold the promise of innovative optoelectronics on structures of fundamental technological importance. We report the photoresponse of MOS diodes due to the tunneling of hot holes created in the metal contact via the absorption of infrared (λ 0 ≈ 1550 nm, ℏω ≈ 0.8 eV) surface plasmons therein. In the absence of illumination, only one tunneling channel exists under inversion, that of inversion electrons tunneling from the semiconductor conduction band through the oxide barrier into the metal, leading to the dark current. Under illumination, the excitation and decay of surface plasmons in the metal opens a second channel, that of hot holes created in the metal, tunneling through the oxide into the semiconductor valence band, leading to the photocurrent─this channel does not exist otherwise due to the absence of holes in a metal. Theoretical modeling of all tunneling current components (dark and photo) using the Fowler–Nordheim and Modified Fowler–Nordheim models are in excellent agreement with the measurements, and their fit allows extraction of the tunneling effective masses of both carrier types in the oxide of our MOS structures (hafnia). This new plasmon-induced tunneling channel on MOS structures opens the possibility of novel infrared optoelectronic devices on this technologically important structure..
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".