Rehabilitating the Kildonan-Redwood Feeder Main River Crossing with a Flexible Fabric Reinforced Pipe (FFRP) Liner
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Kildonan-Redwood Feeder Main is a 600 mm (24 in.) diameter steel pressure pipe crossing of the Red River, adjacent to the Harry Lazarenko Bridge in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The feeder main was inspected in March 2019 as part of the city’s High Risk River Crossings (HRRC) program. The inspection consisted of an electromagnetic (EM) assessment using remote field testing (RFT) technology and multiple leakage tests. The EM inspections revealed that the steel crossing pipe was in relatively good condition structurally (e.g., it had full hoop strength); however, the leakage tests confirmed that its hydrostatic integrity was compromised, and the feeder main was removed from service to preclude direct discharge of chlorinated water to the river. The crossing was originally constructed in 1955, is 238 m (780 ft) long, and was constructed using a complex balance of tunneling on its west side, through a 16 m (52 ft) deep vertical shaft through a 90 degree to a horizontal tunnel section and then transitioning to shallow open-cut construction across the river and up its east side, using coffer dams to facilitate installation through the channel. Replacement of the crossing using new installation trenchless techniques was also deemed to be prohibitively expensive ($7−10 million). In 2019/2020, an AWWA Class III lining solution was designed and tendered using a reinforced CIPP for potable pressure service. However, the configuration was deemed to have excessive installation risk, and no bids were received. In 2020/2021, the use of FFRP, which was discarded in the initial predesign, was further investigated. It was found to have acceptable hydraulic impacts in review of the overall system, and its installation and long-term operational risk was deemed to be acceptable as well. In 2022, the project was tendered and successfully constructed for a cost of approximately $1.2 million or about 15% of the capital cost of a new installation with a comparable anticipated design life. This paper provides an overview of the long journey of the Kildonan-Redwood Feeder Main through its complex beginnings, modern assessment, and eventual rehabilitation to achieve a new design life.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".