Train-your-brain program to reduce depression, anxiety, and stress in stroke survivors: a pilot community-based cognitive intervention study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, and it often results in depression, anxiety, stress, and cognitive impairment in survivors. There is a lack of community-based cognitive interventions for stroke survivors. This pilot single trial aimed to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and perceived effectiveness of a community-based cognitive intervention program called Train-Your-Brain (TYB) for stroke survivors and caregivers. The study focused on improvements in emotional and psychological well-being, as well as cognitive functioning. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used in this study. A total of 48 participants were recruited and assessed using Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale - 21 items (DASS-21), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Symbol Digits Modality Test (SDMT) before and after the intervention. The TYB program consisted of nine sessions and was conducted via the Zoom software application. Participants provided feedback on the program, highlighting areas for improvement. Results: Twenty-seven stroke survivors and 21 caregivers completed the program. Participants expressed high satisfaction with the TYB program but recommended avoiding assessments in December and customizing the program for stroke survivors and caregivers. Stroke survivors showed significant improvements in depression and stress scores, while caregivers experienced no significant improvements after the program. While there was a slight improvement in stroke survivors' cognitive scores after the program, it was not statistically significant. Caregivers, however, experienced a significant decline in cognitive scores. Discussion: The TYB program provided group support and validation, resulting in improved mood and reduced stress among stroke survivors. Cultural collectivism played a significant role in fostering group cohesion. However, the program's limited focus on caregivers and timing of assessments during the December holidays may have affected the outcomes. The TYB program demonstrated feasibility and potential effectiveness in alleviating psychological distress and enhancing cognitive function among stroke survivors. Future research should explore long-term effects, larger sample sizes, and non-English-speaking populations to enhance generalizability. Tailored interventions for caregivers are necessary.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".