A Burkholderia stabilis outbreak associated with the use of ultrasound gel in multiple healthcare centres in Montréal, Canada, May–October 2021
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Burkholderia stabilis is a non-fermenting, gram-negative bacteria that has previously been implicated in multiple nosocomial outbreaks through the use of contaminated medical devices and substances.This article reports on an outbreak of B. stabilis infections and colonizations, involving 11 patients from five acute care hospitals in Montréal, Canada.Methods: One sample was not available for testing, but the remaining 10 isolates (91%) were sent for phylogenetic testing.Medical materials and the patients' environments were also sampled and cultured.Samples were tested using pulsed field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing.Results: The outbreak was found to be associated with the use of intrinsically contaminated non-sterile ultrasound gel.Relatedness of the gel's and the patients' B. stabilis strains was demonstrated using gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing analyses.The investigation was concluded with a prompt recall of the product, and the outbreak was declared over by the end of October 2021.Conclusion: Contaminated non-sterile gel caused infections and pseudo-infections in several patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".