Phosphorus removal and recovery from anaerobic bioreactor effluent using a batch electrocoagulation process
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A batch monopolar electrocoagulation system was developed and studied for the removal of phosphorus from anaerobic bioreactor effluent using iron as an electrode material. The study focused on the optimization of the independent variables, such as initial pH, retention time (RT), current density (CD) and inter-electrode distance (IED) using the response surface methodology (RSM) to maximize the removal of total phosphorus (TP). A quadratic model was fitted to the experimental data for TP removal. The optimal parameters were found to be pH of 6.75, RT of 11.06 min, CD of 300 A/m2, and inter-electrode distance of 1.5 cm resulting in 98.05% TP removal and energy consumption of 1.28 kWh/m3. A kinetic study for TP removal revealed that at optimal conditions, removal followed first-order kinetics (K = 0.185 m/min). Phosphorus was recovered from the post-precipitated sludge through combustion at 900 °C followed by acid leaching with sulfuric acid. Acid leaching tests were carried out with sulfuric acid for the post-precipitated sludge obtained at the optimum conditions. It resulted in around 91% of phosphorus recovery at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 100 mL/g.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".