Modelling diffusion controlled electro-deoxidation of metal oxide to metal in molten salt
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Diffusion is a fundamental irreversible process intervening in the evolution of many out-of-equilibrium systems and is successfully described by Fick’s law obtained from non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Despite this, numerical simulations of solid state electro-deoxidation in the diffusion-controlled regime in molten salt remain elusive. Here, a new model for diffusion controlled three-phase interline (3PI) penetration in a porous cathode during electro-deoxidation is validated against experimental observation. This penetrating 3PI model is applied at high overpotential and benchmarked using the oxygen ionisation TiO 2 (s) + 4e − → Ti(s) + 2O 2− at the 3PI. The model couples slow diffusive transport and fast oxygen ionisation while assuming a negligible ohmic potential drop in bulk molten CaCl 2 electrolyte. The 14 nm s −1 penetration rate of the 3PI and the order of magnitude of 3PI currents (derived from an exchange current density and cathodic transfer coefficient of 0.32 A cm −2 and 0.01, respectively) in the chronoamperometric data for porous cathodes are in good agreement with experimental observation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".