Short-Term Safety and Effectivess of Apipuncture in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Single-Arm Clinical Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease, often poses challenges in conventional medical treatment, leading patients to explore traditional and complementary medicine options including apitherapy. Bee venom, known for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, has been considered as a potential therapy. This study investigates the short-term safety and effectiveness of applying live bee venom in knee osteoarthritis patients. Materials and Methods: Conducted at a university hospital's Apitherapy Clinic, this single-arm clinical trial enrolled individuals diagnosed with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis (stage 2-3). A single session of live bee venom application was administered to acupuncture points ST35, EX-LE4, and ash-chi, specifically targeting the painful knee joint. Data collection involved the utilization of a Demographic Information Questionnaire and SF-12 Scale, along with a comparison of the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), 5 Times Sit-to-Stand Test (5xSST), and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire before and after the treatment. Results: Before the treatment, the average NRS value stood at 7.14 ± 1.7, and following the intervention, it notably decreased to 3.06 ± 2.16 (p<0.05). Additionally, the mean value for the 5xSST decreased from 14.59 ± 3.36 before treatment to 11.75 ± 2.30 after treatment. The WOMAC scale also showed a significant difference between pre- and post-treatment (p<0.05), with the mean value decreasing from 41.91 ± 18.07 before treatment to 15.57 ± 15.14 after treatment. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate a significant improvement in the NRS, 5xSST, and WOMAC scales after the administration of live bee venom for knee osteoarthritis patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".