Bibliographic record
Abstract
The 1990s are witness to a fundamental re-examination of the Canadian liberal welfare state which developed following the Second World War.The attack on liberal welfare values comes not only in the form of a neo-liberal agenda that emphasizes the development of a global economy unimpeded by national boundaries, as well as a restatement of competitive individualism.But, among those committed historically to the central tenets of Fabianism and the welfare state, there is also a growing tendency to question the extent to which the welfare state could ever achieve its stated ideal of equality, while respecting diversity among Canadian citizens.Recent history also suggests that the welfare state has ultimately failed to act as an effective 'buffer' against the excesses of capitalist enterprise.Social workers and others are coming to understand that the welfare state is not the benevolent purveyor of egalitarian and humanitarian social values it was once held to be.Rather, it is increasingly recognized as something quite different -a source of oppression and racism, a regime which, because of its structures and biases, has often discriminated against women, children, and other marginalized groups.In the case of First Nations and aboriginal peoples, the racism inherent in the welfare state takes an assimilationist form but has been couched, historically, in liberal humanitarian language.Thus, those developing and delivering services within the precepts of welfare liberalism argued, as was consistent with liberal discourse on rights, that they were committed to extending the privilege of citizenship developed by the Canadian state to all Canadians.It was argued that aboriginal peoples were entitled to the same levels of schooling, social security, and health care as other Canadians.These commitments were genuine and consistent with what was seen to be the dominant and progressive discourse of the day.But this discourse was also about nation-building -about creating a country of shared values, in the belief that the end result would be
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.524 | 0.340 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".