Bibliographic record
Abstract
The establishment of the intergovernmental Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum in November 1989 marked the beginning of a new phase in pan-Pacific regionalism.Previously, three international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) -the Pacific Trade and Development Conference (PAFTAD), the Pacific Basin Economic Council (PBEC), and what is now known as the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC, formerly Conference) -had been leading the way, the presence of less substantial intergovernmental initiatives notwithstanding.This book is about this trio of INGOs and is intended as a study of the nongovernmental diplomacy underpinning the regional economic cooperation movement.It also casts an earlier INGO, the Institute of Pacific Relations (IPR), as an often overlooked precursor.In his volume, The New Regionalism in Asia and the Pacific (1991), Norman D. Palmer observes that the experiences of PAFTAD, PBEC, and PECC 'merit careful examination' (p.154).My work is, in part, a response to this call.Many references to private papers and correspondence utilized during the research stage -including those held by the Australia-Japan Research Centre (AJRC, Canberra), the Canadian Chamber of Commerce (CCC, Ottawa), and SRI International (formerly Stanford Research Institute; Menlo Park, California) -have been omitted here.I also wish to acknowledge that earlier versions of elements of this book have been published in academic journals: Chapter 3 has been published as 'Regional Diplomacy and the Institute of Pacific Relations' in the Journal of Developing Societies 8 (July-October 1992):212-22; Chapter 5 was published as 'A House Divided: The Pacific Basin Economic Council and Regional Diplomacy' in the Australian Journal of International Affairs 45 (1991):264-79; and parts of Chapter 7 have appeared in 'Delicate Diplomatic Debuts: Chinese and Soviet Participation in the National Committee for Pacific Economic Cooperation (Tokyo); the Canadian Chamber of Commerce; SRI International; and the Australia-Japan Research Centre, National Library of Australia, and Archives of Business and Labour (Canberra).Permission to observe the proceedings of the Fifth Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference (Vancouver, November 1986) and the Sixteenth Pacific Trade and Development Conference (Wellington, January 1987) must also be acknowledged, as must the time, patience, and help offered by the almost ninety academics, businesspeople, organizational officials, and public servants in Canberra, Jakarta, Tokyo, Vancouver, Ottawa, Toronto, Menlo Park, and Wellington, who granted confidential personal interviews.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.297 | 0.151 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".