Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Multiculturalism can refer to two things. It can refer to the sociological fact that, in a given society, there is more than one culture, that is, that the society is not mono‐ butmulti‐cultural. In this sense there is nothing new about multiculturalism. Multicultural societies have existed in some form for hundreds of years, even if the experience of this in western societies may have changed over the last decades with the arrival of greater numbers of people from nonwhite and non‐Christian countries. Multiculturalism can also refer to normative responses to the fact of multiculturalism. Here we can talk about multiculturalist policies, for instance public funding for ethnic festivals or exemptions from general laws for cultural minorities. While counteracting assimilation, these policies are aimed at equality. Taken in this sense, multiculturalism is a relatively new phenomenon dating back only to the 1970s, first gaining prominence in countries such as the USA, Canada, and Australia. Even in this sense, multiculturalism is not a distinctive ideology or political theory, but a loose set of ideas about how to respond to the fact that society is multicultural.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".