Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article examines the problem of parental aggression in minor hockey in the Canadian province of Quebec. Findings of the study are based on 30 semi-structured, qualitative interviews with minor hockey stakeholders in Quebec, including parents, coaches, referees and league executives. Interviews were conducted in both French and English. All 30 study participants observed parental violence and harassment while watching, coaching, and/or refereeing minor hockey and shared their perspectives on why parental aggression occurs in Quebec minor hockey. Drawing on Spaaij’s (2014) social-ecological model, we introduce a social-ecological model specific to the Canadian minor hockey context, which includes structural, social environmental, situational, interpersonal and individual. Moving from the structural to the individual, these factors include 1) levels of racism, xenophobia, and identity-based antagonisms in society, 2) high parental expectations related to their children’s performance, team success, and development, the high cost of hockey, hockey’s cultural significance as Canada’s game, and the lack of leverage leagues and arenas to punish spectator misbehaviour, 3) the layout of arenas and the rules around alcohol at particular arenas, perceived ‘bad’ refereeing, illegal play, or unfair ice time allotments, higher levels of on-ice violence and injuries, and rivalries, 4) spectators trying to coach from the stands and/or yelling at referees and coaches, and 5) the behaviour and demeanour of spectators, coaches, referees, and even the players on the ice.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it