Home-Based Resistance Training Programme in Fontan Patients: It Is Feasible, Safe, and Efficient
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background The Fontan physiology is characterized by a single functional systemic ventricle that reduces cardiac output adaptation and exercise capacity. Peripheral muscle pump is crucial for venous return, and resistance training of the peripheral muscles may be particularly beneficial for cardiac function in these patients. This study explores the feasibility of a training program including safety and effectiveness, maximal exercise capacity, cardiorespiratory endurance, and quality of life in a Fontan population. Methods Twelve Fontan patients (18-32 years old) with New-York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class of 1-2 were recruited. The intervention was twelve weeks home-based exercise program of three sessions per week supervised online by a physiotherapist. Pre- and post- intervention evaluations assessed lean body mass, segmental forces with a hand-held dynamometer, maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2 max), cardiovascular endurance, leg endurance with a 1-minute-sit-to-stand test, and quality of life with a 36-item Short-Form-Survey. Results 11/12 participants completed 35/36 workouts, exceeding our 80% threshold for completion. No adverse events were reported. Leg muscle strength increased significantly (knee extensors improved by 22.8 ± 22.8 Nm (17.7 %) ( p =0.019)). Despite no change in VO 2 max, endurance time showed a significant improvement of 5.3 minutes (72%). Perceived physical condition evaluated with a self-perception scale improved significantly. There was no significant difference in the lean body mass and in quality of life. Conclusion In this small group of post-Fontan patients with mild functional impairments, we describe a structured, accessible, and feasible home-based resistance training program that seems safe and showed improvements in strength and perceived physical condition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".