Local Flow and Concentration Evolution in Pre-mixed and In-situ Mixing Multicomponent Droplets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigated the local concentration evolution in pre-mixed and in-situ mixing ethanol/water multicomponent sessile droplets during the evaporation process on a hydrophobic substrate.Local concentration tracking experiments were conducted through a technique based on the aggregate-induced emission (AIE) effect, to investigate the characteristics of the concentration distribution and their formation mechanism.A consistent pattern of concentration distribution was observed in a pre-mixed multicomponent droplet: A high water fraction was detected in a shell-shaped region near the liquid-air interface, and a secondary concentration gradient existed within this shell-shaped region.After the preliminary mixed state, where the low-density ethanol predominantly accumulated at the upper position and the high-density water at the lower position, the evolution of concentration distribution can be divided into three distinct stages according to their different distribution patterns.In the early stage, a low-high-low ethanol concentration distribution appeared along the liquid-air interface from the apex region to the triple line region.In the intermediate stage, a region with high ethanol fraction was formed near the triple line, while the central region showed a high water fraction.Finally, a stable non-uniform concentration distribution emerged in the late evaporation stage, which was similar to that observed in a pre-mixed droplet.Additionally, a sudden increase of local water fraction took place at the triple line in this late evaporation stage, resulting in a change of surface tension and the subsequent depinning of the triple line.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".