On Coherent Dynamic Structures of Oscillatory Thermal Convection in Liquid Bridges due to Free Surface Heat Gain under Microgravity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Present study investigates the coherent dynamic structures developed at the supercritical state of thermo-capillary flow in a cylindrical liquid bridge (LB).Unsteady and three-dimensional computations are carried out in a domain consisting of a LB of 5 cSt silicone oil (Prandtl number, Pr = 67) suspended between two differentially heated co-axial disks of similar diameter.The LB has a diameter of 4 mm and a height of 2 mm, such that the aspect ratio is fixed at 0.5.Computations are carried out under microgravity conditions to predict the onset of oscillatory instability by monitoring the liquid temperature oscillations at the free surface of the LB.To capture the threshold of instability, the temperature difference between the two solid disks has been increased in small steps up to the emergence of surface temperature oscillations.The obtained results confirm that for the cylindrical LB (volume ratio, VR = 1) with free surface heat gain condition described by the average Biot number, Bi = -0.55, the critical Marangoni number, Macr for the onset of bifurcation from the basic state to oscillatory state is observed to be 7712.The heat gain situation occurring at the free surface of LB is found to destabilize the thermo-capillary flow substantially compared to that of the heat loss conditions reported in our previous study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".