Harmonic Analysis of SPWM Wave for Single-Phase Bridge Inverter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two-level single-phase bridge inverters are widely used in distributed energy systems due to its topological symmetry and ease of modulation. The harmonic contents of modulated output waves are critical performance index in quantitatively determining the superiority or inferiority of a modulation strategy and in optimizing the modulation and filter parameters. For past decades, harmonic analyses on sinusoidal pulse width modulated (SPWM) waves of single-phase bridge inverters are mostly based on the double Fourier series representation, which is on the premise that SPWM wave is a two-dimensional periodic function of two variables with different frequencies. However, this premise is more tenable for pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) than for SPWM, since PAM is the product of a line-frequency sine wave and a carrier-frequency rectangular wave, whereas SPWM wave is the compared result of a line-frequency sine wave and a carrier- frequency triangular wave. This paper studies the double Fourier series representation of SPWM wave from double Fourier integral essence, develops a harmonic analysis method for SPWM wave with the aid of fast Fourier transform (FFT), correlates the harmonic spectra of PAM and SPWM, and finally, further analyzes the feasibility of double Fourier series on SPWM wave.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".