Flowering phenology, floral biology, breeding system, and pollination in the andromonoecious <i>Commelina diffusa</i> (Commelinaceae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Occurrence of male and bisexual flowers (andromonoecy) in a species is thought to be an adaptation to enhance reproductive success through increasing male function or by diverting resources otherwise used for the formation of pistils. Commelina diffusa Burm. f. is a pantropical, herbaceous, and andromonoecious species from the family Commelinaceae. A typical inflorescence comprises male and bisexual flowers enclosed within a spathe. Morphology of the different floral types, floral phenology, pollen viability, pollen production, and mating system were studied in this annual, bearing small fruits. Being nectarless, pollen is the only reward for the pollinators in this species. The number of fruits developing was found to influence the gender of the subsequent flowers within the spathe. The floral visitors, including members of Diptera and Hymenoptera, facilitate outcrossing and may mediate geitonogamous selfing as well. Delayed selfing takes place when floral organs intertwine as the flower fades. Andromonoecy in itself does not promote outcrossing, but it may be advantageous to present pollen in more flowers, thereby attracting and feeding more insects and potentially increase male function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".