Influence of orbital decompression on upper eyelid retraction in Graves’ orbitopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Graves'-associated upper eyelid retraction (GAUER) is the commonest manifestation of orbitopathy in adults. Surgical management typically follows a 3-step staged approach commencing with orbital decompression. The rationale behind this is that certain surgical interventions can influence the parameters and outcomes of subsequent procedures. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effects of orbital decompression on GAUER in adult patients with Graves’ orbitopathy. All original English, non-pediatric studies meeting the study inclusion criteria from the last 20 years were included. The characteristics of margin reflex distance 1 (MRD-1) pre- and post-orbital decompression of 688 orbits were collected, and a meta-analysis of 472 orbits was performed. The average reduction in MRD-1 across 688 orbits was found to be 0.40 mm. Meta-analysis of 6 applicable articles demonstrated that orbital decompression decreases MRD-1 by an average of 0.35 mm (n = 472, p = .007, 95% CI = [0.08, 0.63]). This study demonstrates that although statistically significant, orbital decompression does not appear to have a clinically significant effect on GAUER. This has implications for clinical practice, namely the likely requirement of eyelid surgery following or in combination with orbital decompression, and the importance of counselling patients on this preoperatively.
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Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Review About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Meta-analysis | high |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Review About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Meta-analysis | high |
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.009 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it