Bibliographic record
Abstract
FOREWORDSI first got to know Herbert Norman when he returned from Japan in 1942 as one of the Western diplomatic officials repatriated to their respective countries on the neutral Swedish ship, Gripsholm.I had joined the Canadian Department of External Affairs as a third secretary in 1941, so Herbert and I became colleagues at the same level in the very small department of that day.When I married in 1943, my wife and I became close personal friends of the Normans-Herbert and Irene.That relationship continued until Herbert's death in 1957, interspersed with periods when the Normans were posted abroad.One of those periods was after the end of the war when Herbert returned to Japan as head of the Canadian Liaison Mission.He soon became a trusted advisor of General Douglas MacArthur on policies and programs to reestablish civil government in postwar Japan.He was later Canadian high commissioner to New Zealand and in 1956 became Canadian ambassador to Egypt.What impressed me most, in all the years I knew Herbert, was his philosophical approach to questions based on a truly remarkable breadth of knowledge rooted in the two cultures that had shaped him: that of Japan, the country of his birth and childhood; and that of the Christian West, the influence of which was strongly exerted through his missionary parents.This latter influence was particularly important in his concern, as a student at Cambridge University in England from 1933 to 1935, for the apparent incapacity of the Western capitalist system to cope with the economic disaster of the Great Depression, which had produced so much unemployment and human misery.From that concern, and from his strong social conscience, came his youthful flirtation with Communism that was to be the sole basis for investigations by the McCarthy committee in the United States in the 1950s.Never at any time in the United States or in Canada was there any allegation of disloyalty or betrayal, however trivial, of his responsibilities as a loyal Canadian public servant.Herbert Norman's scholarship, thought, and concern for the welfare of Japan and its people, for whom he had all the affection of a native son, are reflected in his study Japan's Emergence as a Modern State.That state, so successful for nearly a century but so conscious as the Third Millennium begins of serious economic and political problems, may find food for reflection in Norman's analysis, especially in the light of the Buddhist doctrine of karma to which he refers in his book-that whatever goes before shapes and conditions that which follows.A great deal has happened since Norman turned his brilliant mind to the Japanese emergence that is now being reexamined.He would not have considered 140 years too long a passage of time for the testing of propositions and structures involved in so profound a "revolution" as the one that remade Japan in the late nineteenth century.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.493 | 0.336 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".