Bibliographic record
Abstract
This book is about naval operations involving the North American squadrons based first at Louisbourg and then at Halifax.It stands as a contribution to what is clearly a burgeoning interest in naval and maritime history.Think, if you will, of such a squadron as highly mobile artillery, designed principally for an offensive role.It contrasts with a fortress, which was an elaborate but stationary artillery platform designed principally for defence.This account begins with the outbreak of Britain's war with France in 1744.It closes with the end of war, resulting from both the peace with the United States, which took hold in the spring of 1815, and the defeat of Napoleonic France at Waterloo the following June.It deals with the deployment, between 1745 and 1819, of British warships in Nova Scotia waters, called either the North American or Halifax squadron.It uncovers the navy's exact role on the coasts of Nova Scotia and how events elsewhere in the western Atlantic influenced the deployment of the Halifax station.Between 1793 and 1815, when war raged between the British Empire and its allies and revolutionary and Napoleonic France, the British navy included upwards of 1,000 warships.Few served in the North American theatre until relations with the United States seriously deteriorated after 1807.The largest fleet ever based at Halifax was that concentrated during the war with the United States in 1812-15.Then some 120 warships of various classes depended on the safety of the commodious harbour and the repair facilities available at the Halifax careening yard.The book expands ideas that began to take shape fifty years ago.These appeared first with the 1950 publication of Gerald S. Graham's Empire of the North Atlantic: The Maritime Struggle for North America. 1 As far as Nova Scotia was concerned, modification of Graham's ideas occurred with the simultaneous appearance of two major works.The first, a volume prepared for the Navy Records Society, dealt principally with the naval role in the 1745 siege of Louisbourg and its aftermath. 2 The second, "Nova Scotia and the Royal Navy 1713-1766," a doctoral dissertation by W.A.B. Douglas, studied the role of the British navy during the early years of British colonial rule in Nova Scotia.However frequently cited, these failed to ignite any historiographical revolution.Today, the early naval history of Nova Scotia remains virtually unrecognized, equally by amateur and academic, as a worthy subject of study. 3Of those others who have made contributions to this restricted field, the more useful include
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".