Bioremediation of Chlorate and Chromium Contamination with Native Microbial Culture in Cold Climate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Chlorate and hexavalent chromium are two chemicals with adverse health effects that may cause groundwater contamination in industrial areas. The objective of this study was to determine if the native microorganisms collected from a site contaminated with chlorate and chromate can lower the concentration of these chemicals in groundwater to acceptable regulatory levels. Several anaerobic microcosm experiments were conducted with synthetic groundwater (media), native microorganisms, acetate as an electron donor, nitrogen, phosphorus, and minerals. The microorganisms utilized 2200 mg/L acetate to remove 1000 mg/L of chlorate and 3 mg/L of hexavalent chromium entirely from the media provided that the groundwater is supplemented with additional nitrogen and phosphorous (with the Carbon:Nitrogen:Phosphorous molar ratio of 100:10:5). The added trace minerals solution prepared based on American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 1191 medium did not improve the remediation process. Native microbial culture derived from the contaminated site removed the chlorate and chromate from the synthetic groundwater at 20 °C in about 40 days. The same removal was achieved at 10 °C, but in a longer timespan of 80 days. This work confirmed the importance of ensuring the presence of sufficient N and P to stimulate chlorate‐ and chromate‐reducing bacteria in the groundwaters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".