Fuliginochronology and Radiocarbon for the Direct Dating of Human Occupation Chronicles in Caves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fuliginochronology consists of establishing the chronology of human occupations from the study of soot deposits that are traces of paleo-fires or lighting devices that are contemporary with human occupations. These deposits are recorded in speleothems as high resolution archives where they can be observed according to their relative chronological order, providing a way of reconstructing historical narratives about the occupation of archaeological sites. However, these soot-based chronicles are "floating" in time; direct radiocarbon dating of the soot can place the human occupations associated with the soot layers in calendar time. This chapter focuses on methodology and demonstrates the feasibility of such a dating procedure. We have used the method to successfully date several soot deposits collected micro-stratigraphically in a same millimeter-thick carbonated parietal deposit at the Grotte Mandrin site (Malataverne, Drôme, France).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".