Numerical investigation of unsteady aerodynamic characteristics induced by the interaction of oblique/bow shock waves during rotation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The interactions between oblique and bow shock waves are significant problems related to the aerodynamic force and thermal performance of hypersonic vehicles, but few studies have considered the dynamic effect of the body's motion on the phenomena. In this work, a numerical study on the oblique and bow shock waves ahead of an elliptic cylinder rotating with a forced-oscillation approach was conducted at Mach 5 by solving the unsteady, two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations in a non-inertial coordinate system. The hysteresis loops of aerodynamic coefficients were analyzed first, and it was found that the moment is sensitive to rotation. Then, two different hysteresis forms were found at positive and negative angles of rotation (AOR), corresponding to cases with the interference point above or below the wall, respectively. When AOR is positive, the rate-dependent transition hysteresis among various shock interaction types causes the movement of strong flow structures (reflected shock wave, Mach stem, and jet) to always lag behind the body's motion. When AOR is negative, besides the evolution hysteresis of flow structures, two unusual patterns between Edney Types III and VI were observed on different transition paths, which led to very different peak pressures. Also discussed are the driving mechanisms associated with the effect of the subsonic region and the downstream boundary of the interaction zone, as well as the modulating action of the formed virtual Laval flow channel. Additional simulations were performed to study the effect of rotation speed on the transition boundary and the transition structures between Types III and VI.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".