Prevalence of Cestode Parasites of Gallus Domesticus in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Poultry production in Pakistan is growing remarkably and contributing significantly to the economy. However, disease outbreaks are the most serious threat to poultry productivity. Among other poultry diseases which cause huge damage to poultry, parasitic diseases are also included, but no significant work has been done on this area of concern in Pakistan. Objective: This study is carried out to evaluate the prevalence rate of one of the major helminth parasite groups, Cestodes, and their effects on the health of chickens in the districts of Korangi, Karachi, Sindh. Method: Between February 2018 and January 2019, 76 chickens were examined for Cestodes infection. Cestodes were extracted from the gut and fixed in F.A.A. fixative for 24 hours with a little cover slip pressure. The cestodes were then thoroughly cleaned with 70% ethanol, stained with Mayer's carmalum, dehydrated in progressively stronger alcohol, clarified with clove oil, rinsed with xylene, and permanently mounted in Canada balsam. Results: The overall prevalence was 52.6%. Parasite burden is high in males (63.8%) compared to females (45.6%). Six species of Cestodes parasites were identified from the intestine of the infected chickens. Raillietina tetragona, R. cesticillus, R. echinobothridia, R. ransomi, Choanotaenia infundibulum, and Raillietina sp. are the Cestode species that have been found. Their prevalence was 42.1%, 34.2%, 26.3%, 22.2%, 15.7%, and 7.8%, respectively. The prevalence rate also varies from season to season. Spring had the highest rate of infection at 60%, summer was next at 58%, and autumn and winter both had a rate of 40%. Conclusion: The study concludes that heavy infestation has a negative impact on the physical health of chickens and points to the need to control Cestodes parasite infection in order to reduce mortality and increase poultry yield.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".