Pay No Attention to that Man behind the Curtain: the Role of Civil Society and Other Actors in Decisions to Litigate at the International Court of Justice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Statute of the International Court of Justice provides that only States may appear as parties before the Court. But other types of actors (non-governmental organizations, corporations, international organizations) can play a key role in persuading States to initiate ICJ proceedings, whether in the form of a contentious case or by supporting an advisory opinion request. Historically, the ICJ has shown little concern with the behind-the-scenes role played by civil society groups or other actors. The overarching question is whether the Court’s approach has been sound, or whether there are scenarios that might justify the Court taking a different approach to policing its jurisdiction or the admissibility of claims when behind-the-scenes actors have successfully exerted a degree of influence over a decision to initiate proceedings.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.045 | 0.093 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.027 | 0.036 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.028 | 0.012 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.030 | 0.026 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".