Bibliographic record
Abstract
As Their Natural Resources Fair is a crucial book for anyone interested in the relationships between past and present in Aboriginal Canada.Frank Tough has written a book based on his many years of study and research of northern Manitoba society during its formative period from 1870 to 1930.This work demystifies stereotypes about Aboriginal peoples and their contribution to the development of western Canada.Tough weaves economic, political, social, cultural and legal history in a close fashion, providing the most textured and persuasive account of the transitions of the period.From the introduction of trade with the Hudson's Bay Company and the rise of mission economies and mission life in northern Manitoba, to the transition from mercantile relations with the Company to treaty and scrip relations with the Dominion of Canada and the new province of Manitoba, the text underscores the dynamic nature of Aboriginal society in the North.It begins with the moment of great political tension -the conflict in Aboriginal communities over the surrender of the Hudson's Bay Company charter to the Dominion on very favourable terms for the Company and the ongoing struggle to assert and gain recognition for competing First Nations and Metis land rights in the northern region of Manitoba.In a sense, Tough's book is a riveting exploration of the very basic question of how the Aboriginal claim to Rupertsland was ultimately treated as less important than the Hudson Bay Company's claim, particularly when, from the outset, the Imperial and Dominion governments undertook specific legal and political responsibilities for honourable dealings with Aboriginal peoples.The brilliance of this book lies in its economic analysis of Company-Aboriginal and Crown-Aboriginal relations, as this economic context is clearly central to any full understanding of the period.It also provides a compelling human story of this region of Canada.For example, Tough takes specific families, such as the Swanson family from Norway House,
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.720 | 0.643 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".