Eye movements as indicators of trait impulsivity and hypomania proneness in healthy adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Antisaccades are rapid, voluntary gaze shifts away from a visual target that reflect movement control and response inhibition. In patients with bipolar disorder, antisaccade error rate is generally increased, presumably due to enhanced impulsivity present in episodes of mania or hypomania in this disease. Delineating trait versus state impulsivity helps identify risk factors for bipolarity. Here we use an antisaccade protocol to probe trait impulsivity in a cohort of healthy, young adults. We assessed 33 participants (11 males; M = 22.4 yrs) not previously diagnosed with any mood disorder. Participants completed a pro- and antisaccade task and the hypomanic personality scale. The Barrat impulsiveness scale was used for external validation of the antisaccade paradigm. Across all observers, saccade latency and directional errors were significantly increased in antisaccade versus in prosaccade trials. Participants’ mean hypomania proneness and impulsiveness scores were representative of a healthy adult population. We observed small correlations between antisaccade task performance and hypomania proneness, as well as impulsiveness. Previous reports have shown a modest link between antisaccade performance and trait impulsivity. We extend these findings by showing small but systematic correlations between hypomania proneness and antisaccade latency and error rate. We propose that eye movements have the potential to serve as objective indicators of hypomania proneness and impulsivity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".