Assessment of Community Awareness and Knowledge of Environmental Law and Legislation in the Basrah Governorate (Iraq)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this research is to address a gap in the existing literature by documenting the inadequate level of environmental awareness among diverse societal sectors and its detrimental effects on the environmental situation of Basrah Governorate, Southern Iraq.The current research examines the extent to which insufficient community awareness of Environmental Law No. 27 of 2009 contributes to the adverse environmental conditions in Basra Governorate.The results of this preliminary investigation indicated a widespread lack of awareness of environmental legislation across all societal sectors and the potential consequences of this lack of knowledge on environment-related attitudes and concerns among a statistically representative subset of the population.Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze 309 responses to determine the association, similarity, and difference between responses to a series of questions.This survey revealed that people from all walks of life are not familiar with Iraqi Environmental Law.Moreover, the environmental concern was also found to be low.On the other hand, gender, social status, and educational level failed to provide consistent or conclusive results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".