Water and foodborne bacterial pathogens isolated from hospitalized children are extensively resistance against commonly used Penicillin-type antibiotics in developing countries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Diarrheal diseases pose a significant threat to children under five years, ranking as the second leading cause of death in this age group. This is partly attributed to the rise of multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria that has further exacerbated the current global health crisis. We herein report a study aimed at identifying common diarrhea-causing bacteria and assessing their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in children under five seeking medical care at Muhoroni County Hospital. Between January and June 2016, a total of 196 under-five children seeking medical care were enrolled with parental or guardian consent. Stool samples were collected and subjected to culture and biochemical tests using standard protocols. Susceptibility testing was performed using conventional antibiotics. Among the participants (196), 125 (63.8%) were from pediatric outpatient departments, while 71 (36.2%) were from pediatric emergency departments. The study population consisted of 105 (53.6%) males and 91 (46.4%) females. Enteric bacterial pathogens were identified in 43 (21.9%) of the samples, with Escherichia coli accounting for 25 (12.8%), Shigella spp. for 11 (5.6%), and Salmonella spp. for 7 (3.6%). All isolated E. coli, Shigella spp., and Salmonella spp. exhibited susceptibility to Ceftriaxone. Notably, 14 (56%) and 13 (52%) of E. coli isolates demonstrated resistance to Amoxicillin and Ampicillin, respectively. The findings provide insights into the distribution of bacteria causing diarrhea in children under five, and associated antibiotic resistance profiles. The investigation highlights an urgent need for effective surveillance on bacterial pathogenicity among children below 5 years, antimicrobial stewardship, and alternative treatment strategies to combat the growing threat of multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria in this vulnerable population.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".