Dissolution Profile of Calcium Supplements in Brazil: A Critical Analysis and Formulation Proposal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Low calcium intake is common worldwide and may lead to osteoporosis.Therefore, calcium supplementation is a vital resource to prevent fractures in patients with osteoporosis.The present study aims to assess whether the dissolution profiles of calcium tablets available in the Brazilian pharmaceutical market are equivalent and interchangeable.Seven commercial samples from the local pharmaceutical market and an experimental formulation containing calcium carbonate from seaweed Lithothamnium calcareum were evaluated.In addition to the dissolution test, the tablets were characterized according to average weight, hardness, disintegration time, and calcium content.Moreover, we determined the polymorphic forms of calcium present in the tablets by employing x-ray diffraction.We related the data of these quality attributes by applying principal component analysis (PCA).The results revealed that the formulation containing calcium carbonate from the seaweed L. calcareum outperformed the other products from the market, with a complete dissolution within 10 min.Statistically significant differences in dissolution efficiency were noted.The disintegration times for all samples varied greatly from 12 s to 14 min.Polymorphic forms were identified in two samples, and the calcium content of the commercial samples was out of pharmacopeial specification.Thus, the products cannot be considered equivalent.It is recommended to evaluate the manufacturing processes for these supplements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".