High-quality genome assemblies for two Australimusa bananas (Musa spp.) and insights into regulatory mechanisms of superior fiber properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bananas (Musa spp.) are monocotyledonous plants with high genetic diversity in the Musaceae family that are cultivated mainly in tropical and subtropical countries. The fruits are a popular food, and the plants themselves have diverse uses. Four genetic groups (genomes) are thought to have contributed to current banana cultivars: Musa acuminata (A genome), Musa balbisiana (B genome), Musa schizocarpa (S genome), and species of the Australimusa section (T genome). However, the T genome has not been effectively explored. Here, we present the high-quality TT genomes of two representative accessions, Abaca (Musa textilis), with high-quality natural fiber, and Utafun (Musa troglodytarum, Fe'i group), with abundant β-carotene. Both the Abaca and Utafun assemblies comprise 10 pseudochromosomes, and their total genome sizes are 613 Mb and 619 Mb, respectively. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the larger size of the T genome is likely attributable to rapid expansion and slow removal of transposons. Compared with those of Musa AA or BB accessions or sisal (Agava sisalana), Abaca fibers exhibit superior mechanical properties, mainly because of their thicker cell walls with a higher content of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose. Expression of MusaCesA cellulose synthesis genes peaks earlier in Abaca than in AA or BB accessions during plant development, potentially leading to earlier cellulose accumulation during secondary cell wall formation. The Abaca-specific expressed gene MusaMYB26, which is directly regulated by MusaMYB61, may be an important regulator that promotes precocious expression of secondary cell wall MusaCesAs. Furthermore, MusaWRKY2 and MusaNAC68, which appear to be involved in regulating expression of MusaLAC and MusaCAD, may at least partially explain the high accumulation of lignin in Abaca. This work contributes to a better understanding of banana domestication and the diverse genetic resources in the Musaceae family, thus providing resources for Musa genetic improvement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".