Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and Objective(s):The Gait Outcomes Assessment List questionnaire (GOAL) is a valid patient reported outcome measure that evaluates family priorities and functional mobility for ambulatory individuals with cerebral palsy (CP).Moderate to strong relative test-retest reliability has been reported.However, absolute reliability is necessary to distinguish true change from measurement error, and has not been previously reported.The objective of this study was to report absolute test-retest reliability of the parent-version of the GOAL for item, domain, total scores, and goal importance in children with CP functioning within Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I-III. Study Design: Prospective cohort study.Study Participants & Setting: 112 caregivers of children ages 4-17 years with CP (GMFCS I:53; II:35; III:24; mono/hemiplegia:46; diplegia:35, tri/quadriplegia:29; unspecified:2; 76 males) who had a recent outpatient clinic visit (2020-2021) at a tertiary specialty children's hospital.Materials/Methods: The GOAL was completed twice, 3-31 days apart, using the HIPAA-compliant Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) platform.Standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change, and percent agreement were calculated for all responses, including goal importance.Standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change, and percent agreement were calculated for all responses, including goal importance.Results: The SEM for total score was 3.1 points for the cohort (by GMFCS level, I: 2.3, II: 3.8, III: 3.6 points).Standardized domain and item scores were less reliable than the total score and varied by GMFCS level.The Gait Function & Mobility domain exhibited the best reliability for the cohort (SEM: 4.4 points), Use of Braces & Mobility Aids the lowest (SEM: 11.9 points).Participants were reliable in selecting the level of difficulty/frequency/happiness and level of assistance/intensity (mean exact percent agreement across all 49-items: 59% and 80% respectively).How important a goal was for the caregiver was also reliable (mean exact percent agreement: 73%). Conclusions/Significance:The parent-version of the GOAL has acceptable levels of absolute test-retest reliability for most domains and items.Caution is advised when interpreting the least reliable scores.Essential information necessary for accurate interpretation is provided.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.841 | 0.785 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".