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Robert Dunn, J. B. Miller, Kate M. Willett, Nadine Gobron, Melanie Ades, Robert F. Adler, Mihai Alexe, Richard P. Allan, John Anderson, Orlane Anneville, Yasuyuki Aono, Anthony Argüez, Carlo Arosio, John Augustine, César Azorín-Molina, Jonathan Barichivich, John Barnes, Hylke E. Beck, Nicolas Bellouin, Angela Benedetti, Kevin Blagrave, Stephen Blenkinsop, Olivier Bock, Xavier Bodín, Michael G. Bosilovich, Oliviér Boucher, Dennis E. Buechler, Stefan A. Buehler, Diego Campos, Laura Carrea, Kai‐Lan Chang, Hanne H. Christiansen, John R. Christy, Eui‐Seok Chung, Laura M. Ciasto, Scott Clingan, Melanie Coldewey‐Egbers, Owen R. Cooper, Richard Cornes, Curt Covey, Jean-François Créatux, Theresa M. Crimmins, Thomas Cropper, Molly Crotwell, Joshua Culpepper, Diego Cusicanqui, Sean Davis, Richard de Jeu, D. A. Degenstein, Reynald Delaloye, Martin T. Dokulil, Markus G. Donat, Wouter Dorigo, Hilary A. Dugan, Imke Durre, G. S. Dutton, Grégory Duveiller, Thomas W. Estilow, Nicole Estrella, David Fereday, Vitali Fioletov, Johannes Flemming, Michael J. Foster, Bryan A. Franz, S. M. Frith, Lucien Froidevaux, Martin Füllekrug, Judith Garforth, Jay Garg, Badin Gibbes, Steven M. Goodman, Atsushi Goto, Alexander Gruber, Guojun Gu, Sebastian Hahn, Leopold Haimberger, B. D. Hall, Ian Harris, Deborah Hemming, Martin Hirschi, Shu‐peng Ho, R. H. Holzworth, Filip Hrbáček, Guojie Hu, D. F. Hurst, Antje Inness, Ketil Isaksen, Viju O. John, P. D. Jones, Robert Junod, Andreas Kääb, Johannes W. Kaiser, Viktor Kaufmann, Andreas Kellerer‐Pirklbauer, Elizabeth C. Kent, Richard Kidd, Zak Kipling, Akash Koppa, Benjamin M. Kraemer, N. A. Kramarova, Andries Kruger, R. Sofia La Fuente, Alo Laas, Xin Lan, Timothy J. Lang, Kathleen Lantz, David A. Lavers, Thierry Leblanc, Eric M. Leibensperger, Chris Lennard, Yakun Liu, Norman G. Loeb, Diego Loyola, Stephen C. Maberly, Rémi Madelon, Florence Magnin, Shin‐ichiro S. Matsuzaki, Linda May, Michael Mayer, Matthew F. McCabe, Tim R. McVicar, C. A. Mears, Annette Menzel, Christopher J. Merchant, Michael F. Meyer, Diego G. Miralles, Leander Moesinger, Ghislaine Monet, Stephan A. Montzka, Colin Morice, Ivan Mrekaj, Jens Mühle, David Nance, Julien P. Nicolas, Jeannette Noetzli, Ben Noll, John O’Keefe, Timothy J. Osborn, Taejin Park, Mark Parrington, Cécile Pellet, Mauri Pelto, Kyle Petersen, Coda Phillips, Donald C. Pierson, Izidine Pinto, Stephen Po–Chedley, Paolo Pogliotti, Lorenzo M. Polvani, Wolfgang Preimesberger, Colin Price, Merja Pulkkanen, William J. Randel, Samuel Rémy, Lucrezia Ricciardulli, Andrew D. Richardson, David A. Robinson, Willy Rocha, Matthew Rodell, Nemesio Rodríguez-Fernández, Karen H. Rosenlof, Alexei Rozanov, Jozef Rozkošný, Оlga O. Rusanovskaya, This Rutishauser, C. T. Sabeerali, Ahira Sánchez-Lugo, P. Sawaengphokhai, Verena Schenzinger, Robert W. Schlegel, Martin Schmid, Udo Schneider, Fumi Sezaki, Sapna Sharma, Lei Shi, Svetlana V. Shimaraeva, Eugene A. Silow, A. J. Simmons, Sharon L. Smith, Brian J. Soden, Viktoria Sofieva, Tim H. Sparks, O. P. Sreejith, Paul W. Stackhouse, Ryan M. Stauffer, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Andrea K. Steiner, Pietro Stradiotti, D. A. Streletskiy, Divya E. Surendran, Stephen J. Thackeray, Emmanuel Thibert, Maxim Timofeyev, Kleareti Tourpali, Mari R. Tye, Ronald van der A, Robin van der Schalie, Gerard van der Schrier, A.J.H. van Vliet, Piet Verburg, Jean‐Paul Vernier, Isaac Vimont, Katrina S. Virts, Sebastián Vivero, Holger Vömel, Russell S. Vose, Ray H. J. Wang, Xinyue Wang, Taran Warnock, Mark Weber, D. N. Wiese, Jeannette Wild, Earle Williams, Takmeng Wong, R. Iestyn Woolway, Xungang Yin, Zhenzhong Zeng, Lin Zhao, Xinjia Zhou, J. R. Ziemke, Markus Ziese, Ruxandra-Maria Zotta, Cheng‐Zhi Zou, Jessicca Allen, Amy V. Camper, Bridgette O. Haley, Gregory Hammer, S. Elizabeth Love-Brotak, Laura Ohlmann, Lukas Noguchi, Deborah B. Riddle, Sara W. Veasey
Bibliographic record
VenueBulletin of the American Meteorological Society · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEarth and Planetary Sciences
TopicAtmospheric Ozone and Climate
Canadian institutionsUniversity of SaskatchewanGeological Survey of CanadaNatural Resources CanadaEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaYork University
FundersLaboratory Directed Research and DevelopmentBundesamt für UmweltNatural Environment Research CouncilLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryAkademie der NaturwissenschaftenGrantová Agentura České RepublikyNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaGoddard Space Flight CenterSight Research UKNational Science FoundationEuropean Space AgencyNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationU.S. Department of EnergyClimate ExtremesUniversity of Cambridge
KeywordsReuseEnvironmental scienceMeteorologyPolitical scienceGeographyEngineering
Abstract
Photo by Taaniela Kula, Tongan Geological Services
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.296
Threshold uncertainty score0.991
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.296 | 0.202 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.013
GPT teacher head0.231
Teacher spread0.219 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations33
Published2023
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes