The Arctic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Patterned Ground in the Arctic by Ina Timling.Ice wedge polygons are a common form of patterned ground in the Arctic.They occur in areas of continuous permafrost, such as the arctic coastal plain of Alaska, and are the result of freeze-thaw processes.These polygons create striking patterns on the landscape and provide habitats for many organisms.However, increased warming of the Arctic leads to the degradation/thawing of these ice wedges.As a result, not only the appearance of the patterned ground features changes but also their function as habitat. How to cite this document:The Arctic is one chapter from the State of the Climate in 2022 annual report and is available from https://doi.org/10.1175/10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0079.1.Compiled by NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information, State of the Climate in 2022 is based on contributions from scientists from around the world.It provides a detailed update on global climate indicators, notable weather events, and other data collected by environmental monitoring stations and instruments located on land, water, ice, and in space.The full report is available from https://doi.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".