Recirculation of Canada Basin Deep Water in the Amundsen Basin, Arctic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract It is evident from hydrographic profiles in the Arctic Ocean that relatively warm and salty Canada Basin Deep Water (CBDW) flows over the Lomonosov Ridge into the Amundsen Basin, in the Eurasian Arctic. However, oceanographic data in the deep Arctic Ocean are scarce, making it difficult to analyze the spatial extent or the dynamics of this inflow. Here we present new hydrographic data from two recent expeditions as well as historical data from previous expeditions in the central Arctic. We use an end-member analysis to quantify the presence of CBDW in the Amundsen and Nansen Basins and infer new circulation pathways. We find that the inflow of CBDW is intermittent, and that it recirculates in the Amundsen Basin along the Gakkel Ridge. Although the forcing mechanisms for the inflow of CBDW into the Amundsen Basin remain unclear owing to the lack of continuous observations, we demonstrate that density-driven overflows, even intermittent, and the pressure gradient across the Lomonosov Ridge are unlikely drivers. We also find multiple deep eddies with a CBDW content of up to 600 g kg −1 and a vertical extent of up to 1200 m in the Amundsen Basin. The high CBDW content of these eddies suggests that they can efficiently trap CBDW and transport its heat and salt over long distances.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".