The Variation of Water Parameters along the Bandawaya Valley, Northern Iraq
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wadi Bandawaya, which is 40 km north of Mosul in Iraq, pierces Mount Dahqan and creates a small valley that is ideal for the construction of a dam for harvesting rainwater. Water quality is evaluated for domestic and agricultural uses using chemical analyses of the main cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+), anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl-, NO3-), as well as measurements of the acidity function (pH), electrical conductivity (Ec), concentration of total dissolved salts (TDS), and total hardness (TH). The valley water is considered to be within the limits permitted for drinking by the World Health Organization. If held inside the water harvesting project of the Bandawaya dam, the water of Bandawaya Valley is freshwater, suitable for drinking and domestic applications, according to the water quality index (WQI). It is also suitable for irrigation of agricultural lands adjacent to the valley in accordance with standards of the percentage of sodium (SSP), the rate of sodium adsorption (Sodium Adsorption Ratio, SAR), the quantity of residual sodium carbonate (Residual Sodium Bicarbonate, RSBC), and the percentage of magnesium (MAR). When there is little rain, the harvested water will be used for irrigation, as well as for supplemental irrigation techniques.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".