Bibliographic record
Abstract
agrawalrights and the city takes stock of rights struggles and their progress, with a primary focus on Canadian cities.It explores the meaning of people's experiences for the realization of human and other related forms of rights-locally, nationally, and globally.In addition, the project aims to examine the legal, conceptual, and philosophical aspects of rights, including the various forms of rights-human, Indigenous, housing, property, and various others embedded in or encompassing these.This book is unique in its use of empirical evidence and examples to explain rights and to translate the philosophical and legal aspects of rights into more practical terms and applications, such as the application and practice of rights to and in the city.The compilation elicits the constraints and ambiguities that municipal governments face, and some of the progress made when they attempt to combat discriminatory practices, while advancing a human rights agenda.This edited volume has one implicit question that unites all its parts: What is (and what ought to be) the role of municipal governments and planners in regulating, implementing, and advocating rights' claims?It answers the question empirically via legal research or analysis of statutory and case law, or it relies on qualitative case studies.This exploration presents Although this work was conceptualized and much of it written before the rise of the Black Lives Matter protests and marches across the United States (and around the world) against police brutality, the essays debate many of the issues that align with the undercurrent of this widespread unrest.The issues are diverse: a continued violation of the right to the city, including the right to protest in public spaces; a complete disregard for human rights and freedoms, including freedom of expression and the right to equality, life, and liberty; the right to housing; and the right to private property.The recent protests have demonstrated a collective cry for a right to the city, along with solidarity to uphold the human rights and freedoms of the citizens who occupy it.Concomitantly, the pandemic that is unfolding in real time provides a surreal but live backdrop to this project.It has exposed the long-standing systemic and structural inequalities in Canadian society and elsewhere in the world.In particular, racialized minorities, the poor, and women who live in Canadian cities experience the more adverse effects and discriminatory impacts of COVID-19 (Public Health Ontario, 2020; Statistics able to fully enjoy, contribute to, and participate in city life, with all that it offers.However, rights in the city, as a concept, focuses on how human rights are implemented in cities, using international treaties and conventions, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (udhr), and in some states, using constitutionally guaranteed human rights (Reuter, 2019).Rights to housing and the right to own property are included in the udhr, but they are not specified as human rights in the Canadian context or clearly included as the right to the city.Freedom of expression, while included in the Canadian context, is not absolute.Hence, these Holston's (2008) "insurgent citizenship."This scholarship emphasizes the urban potential and obligation to bring prosperity, participation, and equal treatment to all inhabitants.It thus adds to the revolutionary and transformational works related to rights and cities (Fainstein, 2011;
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.128 | 0.022 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".